Top 10 Oldest Tribes in Nigeria and Their Origins
1. Ijaw (circa 5000 BC)
Among the earliest inhabitants of Nigeria, the Ijaw have lived in the Niger Delta region for over 7,000 years, practicing fishing, trading, and preserving culture.
2. Yoruba (circa 5000 BC) 2000 BC)
The Yoruba trace their roots to the ancient city of Ife, with legends of the creation of the kingdom by Oduduwa over 4,000 years ago, making significant contributions to West African civilization.
3. Igbo (c. 2500 BC)
Known for their ancient communities and trading systems, the Igbo people have flourished in southeastern Nigeria for thousands of years, creating strong cultural and political structures.
4. Hausa (c. 1000 AD)
The Hausa people founded kingdoms such as Daura and Kano, blending indigenous and Islamic influences. Their history spans about 1000 years.
5. Kanuri (c. 1000 AD) 700 AD)
Originally from the Kanem-Bornu Empire, the Kanuri have a long history of trade and learning, dating back over 1300 years in present-day Borno.
6. Nupe (c. 900 AD)
The Nupe people of Niger State have a history dating back over 1100 years, influencing regional art and government, particularly along the Niger River.
7. Tiv (c. 2000 BC)
Inhabiting the Benue region, the history of the Tiv people stretches back thousands of years, marked by a strong oral tradition and social unity that preserves their heritage.
8. Edo (Bini) (c. 11th century AD)
The history of the Edo people has its roots in the Kingdom of Benin, which became a center of art and government in West Africa around the 11th century. 9. Ibibio (c. 3000 BC)
The Ibibio, among the earliest settlers of southeastern Nigeria, have a distinct culture dating back more than 5,000 years, with a history of agricultural and artisanal traditions.
10. Gwari (Gbagyi) (c. 3000 BC) 3000 BC)
The Gwari people have lived in the Niger and Kaduna regions for thousands of years, preserving unique customs and cultural practices that date back 5,000 years.
These ancient tribes contribute significantly to the diversity and strength of Nigeria's identity. Each of them brings their own heritage, enriching the cultural landscape of Nigeria.