The 48 Major Tribes of Africa
1. Maasai (Kenya, Tanzania): They migrated from the Nile Valley around the 15th-18th centuries AD.
2. Zulus (South Africa): They rose to prominence under Shaka Zulu in the early 19th century, their Bantu origins date back to 3000-2000 BC.
3. Hausa (Niger, Niger, Ghana): city-states founded around 1000-1200 AD, with Afro-Asiatic roots dating back 10,000 years.
4. Dinka (South Sudan): Nilotic origin, migration to the Nile Valley around 1st millennium BC.
5. Mandingo (Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Mali): associated with the Mali Empire (1235-1600 AD), originally from West Africa. 6. Yoruba (Nigeria, Benin): Their centralized kingdoms (e.g., Ife and Oyo) were known about 900 years ago, although oral histories suggest earlier origins (~1000 CE).
7. Berber (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya): Ancient group dating from 12,000 to 10,000 BC, associated with early Afro-Asiatic cultures.
8. Amhara (Ethiopia): associated with the Kingdom of Axum (100 BC - 700 AD), with roots in Cushitic and Semitic migrations.
9. Igbo (Nigeria): Evidence of settlement as early as 3000 BC, with developed communities as late as the 9th century AD.
10. Oromo (Ethiopia, Kenya): migrated to their present area around the 10th-16th centuries CE, part of Cushitic descent. 11. Wolof (Senegal, Gambia): distinct group that emerged in the 12th and 13th centuries AD, associated with the empires of Ghana and Mali.
12. Himba (Namibia): group that appeared in the 16th century AD, subgroup of the Herero people, from which emerged the Shona and Ndebele who migrated to Limpopo and some entered Zimbabwe...
13. San/Bushmen (various locations in southern Africa): Indigenous people dating back over 100,000 years, one of the oldest human groups.
14. Ashanti (Ghana): Founder of the Ashanti Empire in 1670 AD, with Akan roots dating back to 1000 AD.
15. Xhosa (South Africa): Originated from Bantu migrations around 3000-2000 BC. J.-C. 16. Fulani/Peulani (West Africa): Possible origins around 4th century AD, with widespread migration and cultural expansion since 1000 AD.
17. Tuareg (Saharan region): nomadic Berber subgroup, dated to 10,000 BC, associated with.
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